Heat Stroke
Heat stroke occurs as a result of prolonged exposure to high temperatures or by physical activity in hot weather. This medical emergency is a serious condition where the body temperature rises to 104 degrees or higher. Many patients experience heat cramps or heat exhaustion, which are considered milder, less serious forms of heat stroke, although they still should be treated properly. Heat stroke can cause damage to the brain and other internal organs.
While anyone can be affected by heat stroke, it is most common in patients who are very young or over the age of 50, and have a low tolerance to hot weather. Patients taking blood pressure medication, antidepressants and beta blockers may be at a higher risk for developing heat stroke as these medications can affect the body's ability to remain hydrated.
Symptoms of Heat Stroke
In addition to high body temperature, patients experiencing heat stroke may experience the following symptoms:
- Rapid breathing
- Headache
- Muscle cramps/weakness
- Increased heart rate
- Seizures
- Confusion
- Nausea and vomiting
- Dry, hot skin
- Coma
- A lack of sweating
Treatment for Heat Stroke
If you suspect that someone has heat stroke, call 911 or your local emergency services number, immediately. Treatment for heat stroke involves cooling the body to a normal temperature as quickly as possible. The following methods may be used to cool the body:
- Immersing the patient in cold water
- Using ice packs in the patient's armpits, groin, neck and back
- Using cooling blankets to wrap the patient's body
- Using evaporation cooling techniques, which involve spraying a mist of cool water on the skin and then applying warm air to allow the water to evaporate
It is important for patients to drink plenty of fluids while outside or participating in physical activity in order to reduce their risk of heat stroke. Wearing light-colored, lightweight clothing is also helpful in preventing heat stroke.